Serval Mesh allows people to make voice calls, send text messages and share files
with other Serval Mesh users, without requiring infrastructure like
satellites, cell phone towers, Wi-Fi hot spots, or radio repeaters. The
primary motivation is to provide resilient communications during crisis
and disaster situations, when vulnerable infrastructure like phone cell
towers and mains electricity are cut off. Serval Mesh is also useful
for remote communities who lack conventional telephone services, small
organisations who need an internal telephone system, and dissidents in
oppressive countries that deny or monitor their citizens'
telecommunications.
Serval Mesh uses an Android device's Wi-Fi in Ad Hoc mode to communicate directly with other devices within range. To do so requires root permission
on the Android device. On devices where root permission is not
available, Serval Mesh can communicate using Wi-Fi in the normal Client mode, which requires an Access Point within range. Serval Mesh can use standard Internet connections such as 3G mobile data, home/office Wi-Fi router-modems, and wired networks (USB or Ethernet) to communicate with other devices.
We have designed an Oscilloscope using PC and Arduino Board. The signal is first of all fed to the Arduino Board where the analog signal is converted to a digital signal by the ADC which is then serially outputted to the PC and is read by the MATLAB software via the COM ports. Here the signal is read in the form of digital data but then is converted to analog one by using the resolution of the ADC used by the Arduino Board. The MATLAB software was then used to plot the signals...
At sometime or another you may run out of pins on your Arduino board and
need to extend it with shift registers. This example is based on the
74HC595. The datasheet refers to the 74HC595 as an "8-bit serial-in,
serial or parallel-out shift register with output latches; 3-state." In
other words, you can use it to control 8 outputs at a time while only
taking up a few pins on your microcontroller. You can link multiple
registers together to extend your output even more. (Users may also wish
to search for other driver chips with "595" or "596" in their part
numbers, there are many. The STP16C596 for example will drive 16 LED's and eliminates the series resistors with built-in constant current sources.)
In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, sharing the same clock,
in which the output of each flip-flop is connected to the "data" input
of the next flip-flop in the chain, resulting in a circuit that shifts
by one position the "bit array" stored in it, shifting in the data present at its input and shifting out the last bit in the array, at each transition of the clock input. More generally, a shift register
may be multidimensional, such that its "data in" and stage outputs are
themselves bit arrays: this is implemented simply by running several
shift registers of the same bit-length in parallel.
Shift registers can have both parallel and serial inputs and outputs. These are often configured as serial-in, parallel-out (SIPO) or as parallel-in, serial-out
(PISO). There are also types that have both serial and parallel input
and types with serial and parallel output. There are also bi-directional
shift registers which allow shifting in both directions: L→R or R→L.
The serial input and last output of a shift register can also be
connected to create a circular shift register.
(Hack a Day) ... It’s a very, very minimal Arduino-compatible circuit meant to control
all the pins on an ATMega328. The components only cost about £1.40
($2.25 USD) when bought in volume, making it perfect for teaching a
class or workshop on the Arduino and giving each student a circuit to
take home.
The basic circuit is just an ATMega328 – the same microcontroller
used in the Arduino Uno – with a few caps, resistors, and a 16 MHz
crystal. It’s a very bare-bones system, but once built and programmed
provides all the functionality of a $25 Arduino.
Like all microcontroller platforms, there’s the chicken-and-egg problem of actually programming
the device. The Shrimp team is using a CP2102 USB to UART bridge to
program each shrimp. Not an inexpensive part, but it is of course
possible to only have one serial bridge for each workshop.
X works fine, ioquake builds, even some applications built generally for ARM11 architecture may work, but don't expect 3D. No OpenGL support, also, although vchiq_test shows like if it's ok, there's no /dev/vchiq present, but if you insist, here's a Qemu fork with OpenGLES support:
Note, root is /dev/sda2 because there's actually 2 partitions in the image, one FAT32 and a Linux, the latter will be our root filesystem. It may work with other distributions, with the Yocto minimal image and the Minibian for sure, change image name accordingly;
OpenBTS (Open Base Transceiver Station) is a software-based GSM access point, allowing standard GSM-compatible mobile phones to be used as SIP endpoints in Voice over IP (VOIP) networks. OpenBTS is an open source software that was developed and is maintained by Range Networks. The public release of OpenBTS is notable for being the first free software implementation of the lower three layers of the industry-standard GSM protocol stack. It is written in C++ and released as free software under the terms of version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL). Read more: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBTS
OpenBSC is a project aiming to create a Free Software,
(A)GPL-licensed software implementations for the GSM/3GPP protocol
stacks and elements.
This is a project aiming to create a Free Software, (A)GPL-licensed
software implementations for the GSM/3GPP protocol stacks and elements.
We have started with an A-bis (plus BSC/MSC/HLR) implementation for
experimentation and research purpose, but have since moved way beyond
that.
What this means: OpenBSC is not just a standard BSC, but a GSM network in a box software, implementing the minimal necessary parts to build a small, self-contained GSM network.
OpenBSC includes functionality normally performed by the following
components of a GSM network: BSC (Base Station Controller), MSC (Mobile
Switching Center), HLR (Home Location Register), AuC (Authentication
Center), VLR (Visitor Location Register), EIR (Equipment Identity
Register).
In addition, the Osmocom project also develops and maintains the osmo-sgsn and OpenGGSN programs for adding GPRS/EDGE capabilities.
This presentation will mark the first public release of a new GPL
licensed Free Software project implementing the GSM fixed network,
including the various minimal necessary functionality of BSC, MSC, HLR.
It will introduce the respective standards and protocols, as well as a
short demonstration of an actual phone call between two mobile phones
registered to the base station. Read more: http://youtu.be/e_9hPRF5fzA
(thepowerbase.com) The last few
months have seen an explosion of activity in the field of Software
Defined Radio (SDR), after it was discovered that cheap USB TV tuners
based on the Realtek RTL2832U chip could be dialed into frequencies well
outside their advertised ranges. What was designed and sold as a simple
device for watching TV on your computer could be turned into a radio
capable of receiving anything between 64 MHz to 1700 MHz with open
source software.
Now, anyone with about $20 USD to spare
can tune into everything from police and fire transmissions to the
International Space Station.
Tuner Hardware
Before you can start exploring the airwaves, you’ll need a USB tuner supported by RTL-SDR,
the software used to unlock the full potential of the Realtek RTL2832U
chip. For best results, you’ll also want to get one that uses
the Elonics E4000 tuner, as that will give you the broadest frequency
response. The RTL-SDR project maintains a short compatibility list which
can help narrow things down a bit:
VID
PID
tuner
device name
0x0bda
0×2832
all of them
Generic RTL2832U (e.g. hama nano)
0x0bda
0×2838
E4000
ezcap USB 2.0 DVB-T/DAB/FM dongle
0x0ccd
0x00a9
FC0012
Terratec Cinergy T Stick Black (rev 1)
0x0ccd
0x00b3
FC0013
Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 1)
0x0ccd
0x00d3
E4000
Terratec Cinergy T Stick RC (Rev.3)
0x0ccd
0x00e0
E4000
Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 2)
0x185b
0×0620
E4000
Compro Videomate U620F
0x185b
0×0650
E4000
Compro Videomate U650F
0x1f4d
0xb803
FC0012
GTek T803
0x1f4d
0xc803
FC0012
Lifeview LV5TDeluxe
0x1b80
0xd3a4
FC0013
Twintech UT-40
0x1d19
0×1101
FC2580
Dexatek DK DVB-T Dongle (Logilink VG0002A)
0x1d19
0×1102
?
Dexatek DK DVB-T Dongle (MSI DigiVox? mini II V3.0)
0x1d19
0×1103
FC2580
Dexatek Technology Ltd. DK 5217 DVB-T Dongle
0×0458
0x707f
?
Genius TVGo DVB-T03 USB dongle (Ver. B)
0x1b80
0xd393
FC0012
GIGABYTE GT-U7300
0x1b80
0xd394
?
DIKOM USB-DVBT HD
0x1b80
0xd395
FC0012
Peak 102569AGPK
0x1b80
0xd39d
FC0012
SVEON STV20 DVB-T USB & FM
Tuner
Frequency range
Elonics E4000
52 – 2200 MHz with a gap from 1100 MHz to 1250 MHz (varies)
Rafael Micro R820T
24 – 1766 MHz
Fitipower FC0013
22 – 1100 MHz (FC0013B/C, FC0013G has a separate L-band input, which is unconnected on most sticks)
Meshnet activists rebuilding the internet from scratch
(newscientist.com) Worried about the NSA snooping on your email? Maybe you need to start creating your own personal internet
(...) Across the US, from Maryland to Seattle,
work is underway to construct user-owned wireless networks that will
permit secure communication without surveillance or any centralised
organisation. They are known as meshnets and ultimately, if their
designers get their way, they will span the country.
FunkFeuer is a free, experimental network in Vienna, Graz, in parts of
Weinviertel (NÖ) and Bad Ischl. It is build and maintained by computer
enthusiasts. This project is non commercial.
Athens Wireless Metropolitan Network (AWMN) is a grassroots wireless
community, taking advantage of new, state of the art wireless
technologies, to connect people and services. The network comprises 1120
backbone nodes (as of Aug, 2010) and more than 2900 client computers
connect to it. More than 9,000 people have stated their intention to
join AWMN in the near future.
Broadband-Hamnet™ (formerly called HSMM-Mesh™) is a high speed, self
discovering, self configuring, fault tolerant, wireless computer
network that can run for days from a fully charged car battery, or
indefinitely with the addition of a modest solar array or other
supplemental power source. The focus is on emergency communications.
In its current form it is built using the Linksys WRT54G/GL/GS
wireless routers and operates on channels 1-6 of the 2.4GHz ISM band,
which overlaps with the upper portion of the 13cm amateur radio band.
Other platforms and bands are in development at this time. Next will be
Ubiquiti equipment with others supported as development resources
permit.
OLSR is used for auto linking of the mesh node radios.
OpenWRT firmware tools are used for firmware development.
Broadband-Hamnet™ is currently being designed, developed and deployed
as an amateur radio broadband communications system. It originated in
Austin, Texas but has spread all across the USA and many other countries
around the world.